Strongly interacting photons

Optical photons essentially don't interact in vacuum. We wondered what if they did? Our group played a key role in the engineering, understanding, control, and implementation of strongly interacting photons, which led to our theoretical and experimental demonstrations of their numerous applications in optical information processing and to our discoveries of fascinating few-body physics (such as binding of photons into poly-photonic molecules) and many-body physics. Much more remains to be understood and discovered.
Sample of Related Publications
Vapor-Cavity-QED System for Quantum Computation and Communication
, , Phys. Rev. Research, 8, (2026)fbz4-s3by.pdfLandscape of Scattering Universality with General Dispersion Relations
, , arXiv:2509.01782, (2025)2509.01782v1.pdfEnhancement of Rydberg Blockade via Microwave Dressing
, , Phys. Rev. Lett. , 134, (2025)PhysRevLett.134.123404.pdfStrong interactions between integrated microresonators and alkali atomic vapors: towards single-atom, single-photon operation
, , Optica, 11, (2024)optica-11-10-1376.pdfUltrastrong light-matter interaction in a multimode photonic crystal
, , arXiv, (2022)Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics in Hyperbolic Space: From Photon Bound States to Frustrated Spin Models
, , Physical Review Letters, 128, (2022)bienias22.pdfbienias22supp.pdfResonant enhancement of three-body loss between strongly interacting photons
, , Physical Review Research, 4, (2022)kalinowski22.pdfkalinowski22supp.pdfTunable three-body loss in a nonlinear Rydberg medium
, , Physical Review Letters, 126, (2021)ornelas-huerta21.pdfornelas-huerta21supp.pdfCritical Theory for the Breakdown of Photon Blockade
, , Physical Review Research, 3, (2021)curtis21.pdfExotic photonic molecules via Lennard-Jones-like potentials
, , Physical Review Letters, 125, (2020)bienias20c.pdfbienias20csupp.pdfOn-demand indistinguishable single photons from an efficient and pure source based on a Rydberg ensemble
, , Optica, 7, 813-819, (2020)ornelas-huerta20.pdfornelas-huerta20supp.pdfSingle-photon bound states in atomic ensembles
, , arXiv:1809.01147, (2018)1809.01147.pdfPhoton propagation through dissipative Rydberg media at large input rates
, , Physical Review Research, 2, (2020)bienias20b.pdfInteracting Qubit-Photon Bound States with Superconducting Circuits
, , Physical Review X, 9, (2019)sundaresan19.pdfPhoton Subtraction by Many-Body Decoherence
, , Physical Review Letters, 120, (2018)murray18.pdfmurray18supp.pdfEfimov States of Strongly Interacting Photons
, , Physical Review Letters, 119, (2017)gullans17.pdfgullans17supp.pdfObservation of three-photon bound states in a quantum nonlinear medium
, , Science, 359, 783-786, (2018)1709.01478.pdfSteady-state superradiance with Rydberg polaritons
, , arXiv:1611.00797, (2016)1611.00797.pdfCorrelated photon dynamics in dissipative Rydberg media
, , Physical Review Letters, 119, (2017)zeuthen17.pdfzeuthen17supp.pdfMany-body decoherence dynamics and optimized operation of a single-photon switch
, , New Journal of Physics, 18, (2016)murray16.pdfCollective phases of strongly interacting cavity photons
, , Physical Review A, 94, (2016)wilson16.pdfEffective Field Theory for Rydberg Polaritons
, , Physical Review Letters, 117, (2016)gullans16supp.pdfgullans16.pdfCoulomb Bound States of Strongly Interacting Photons
, , Physical Review Letters, 115, (2015)maghrebi15bsupp.pdfmaghrebi15d.pdfFractional Quantum Hall States of Rydberg Polaritons
, , Physical Review A, 91, (2015)maghrebi15.pdfScattering resonances and bound states for strongly interacting Rydberg polaritons
, , Physical Review A, 90, (2014)bienias14new.pdfAttractive photons in a quantum nonlinear medium
, , Nature, 502, 71-75, (2013)Dissipative Many-Body Quantum Optics in Rydberg Media
, , Phys. Rev. Lett., 110, 153601, (2013)gorshkov13b.pdfQuantum nonlinear optics with single photons enabled by strongly interacting atoms
, , Nature (London), 488, 57, (2012)Cavity QED with atomic mirrors
, , New J. Phys., 14, 063003, (2012)chang12.pdfPhoton-Photon Interactions via Rydberg Blockade
, , Phys. Rev. Lett., 107, 133602, (2011)gorshkov11.pdfPhotonic Phase Gate via an Exchange of Fermionic Spin Waves in a Spin Chain
, , Phys. Rev. Lett., 105, 060502, (2010)gorshkov10b.pdf